Endovascular treatment of carotid-cavernous vascular lesions / Tratamento endovascular das lesões vasculares carótido-cavernosas

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the endovascular treatment of vascular lesions of the cavernous segment of the internal carotidartery (ICA) performed at our institution. Methods: we conducted a descriptive, retrospective and prospective study of patients with aneurysms of the cavernous portion of the ICA or with direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (dCCF) undergoing endovascular treatment. Results: we included 26 patients with intracavernous aneurysms and ten with dCCF. All aneurysms were treated with ICA occlusion. Those with dCCF were treated with occlusion in seven cases and with selective fistula occlusion in the remaining three. There was improvement of pain and ocular proptosis in all patients with dCCF. In patients with intracavernous aneurysms, the incidence of retro-orbital pain fell from 84.6% to 30.8% after treatment. The endovascular treatment decreased the dysfunction of affected cranial nerves in both groups, especially the oculomotor one. Conclusion: the endovascular treatment significantly improved the symptoms in the patients studied, especially those related to pain and oculomotor nerve dysfunction.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o tratamento endovascular de lesões vasculares da artéria carótida interna (ACI), segmento cavernoso, realizado na Santa Casa de São Paulo. Métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e prospectivo, de pacientes com aneurisma da porção cavernosa da ACI ou com fístulas carótido-cavernosas diretas (FCCd) submetidos a tratamento endovascular. Resultados: foram incluídos 26 pacientes com aneurismas intracavernosos e dez com FCCd. Todos os aneurismas foram tratados com oclusão da ACI. Os com FCCd foram tratados com oclusão, em sete casos, e com oclusão seletiva da fístula nos outros três. Houve melhora da dor e proptose ocular em todos os pacientes com FCCd. Nos pacientes com aneurisma intracavernoso, a incidência de dor retro-orbitária caiu de 84,6% para 30,8% após o tratamento. Após o tratamento endovascular houve uma melhora importante da disfunção de nervos cranianos afetados em ambos os grupos, sobretudo no nervo oculomotor. Conclusão: o tratamento endovascular trouxe melhora para os pacientes deste estudo, especialmente nos critérios dor e acometimento do nervo oculomotor.

Glaucoma secundário a fístula carótido-cavernosa / Secondary glaucoma following carotid cavernous fistula

RESUMO As fístulas carótido-cavernosas são uma causa rara, porém grave, de glaucoma secundário por aumento da pressão venosa episcleral. Apresenta-se um caso de uma mulher de 72 anos, negra, atendida no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (HC-UFTM) com dor, sensação de pulsação, proptose, engurgitamento episcleral e quemose em olho direito, com aumento da pressão intraocular (PIO) apesar do uso de mediação anti-glaucomatosa. Na arteriografia foi evidenciada fístula dural para o seio cavernoso à direita, com refluxo para as veias orbitárias ipsilaterais. Realizou-se tratamento com agente líquido de embolização e, após o tratamento cirúrgico, apresentou melhora completa da proptose e congestão dos vasos episclerais, porém manteve PIO aumentada e desenvolvimento de glaucoma de ângulo fechado pela presença de goniossinéquias em 270º, com controle satisfatório com medicação.

ABSTRACT Carotid-cavernous fistulas are a major cause of secondary glaucoma due to increased episcleral venous pressure. We present the case of a 72-year-old female patient, treated at the Hospital de Clínicas at the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (HC-UFTM), with pain, proptosis, episcleral engorgement, chemosis and pulsation in the right eye, with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) on anti-glaucomatous medication.Arteriography showed dural fistula to the right cavernous sinus, with reflux to orbital veins.Treatment with liquid embolization agent was performed, following full recovery of proptosis and congestion of the episcleral vessels. However, the patient maintained increased IOP because of narrow-angle glaucoma development due to the presence of goniosynechiae in 270º, which was controlled satisfactorily with medication.

Glaucoma secundário à fístula carótido-cavernosa espontânea com resolução após a embolização da fístula: relato de caso / Secondary glaucoma following carotid cavernous fistula resolved after fistula's embolization: case report

Fístulas carótido-cavernosas espontâneas são raras e ocorrem mais frequentemente em mulheres de meia-idade. Os autores relatam um caso de uma fístula carótido-cavernosa espontânea em mulher idosa evoluindo com glaucoma de difícil controle. Após a embolização cirúrgica da fístula a paciente apresentou regressão da sintomatologia e normalização da pressão intraocular.

Spontaneous carotid cavernous fistulas are a rare entity occurring more frequently in middle aged women. The authors report a case of a spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula in an elderly woman resulting in glaucoma of hard management. After surgical embolization of the fistula, the symptoms regressed and the intraocular pressure moved back to regular levels.

Carotid cavernous sinus fistula presenting with pulsating exophthalmos and secondary glaucoma.

Carotid cavernous sinus fistula is abnormal communications between the carotid arterial system and the venous cavernous sinus. Carotid cavernous sinus fistula can develop either because of trauma or spontaneous causes. Spontaneous carotid cavernous sinus fistula is often associated with a pre-existing aneurysm in the intracavernous portion of internal carotid artery. However, these fistulas may be congenital arteriovenous connections that open spontaneously in the settings of collagen vascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, or may develop in females during peripartum period. A case of spontaneous carotid cavernous sinus fistula in a young adult male who presented with pulsating exophthalmos and secondary glaucoma is presented. Characteristic features of arteriovenous fistula--bruit, thrill, corkscrew episcleral vessels were present. Radiological investigations were done to confirm the diagnosis. Transvenous embolisation was done to close the fistula.

case report of cavernous sinus embolisation for CCF with an overview of treatment options

Carotid-cavernous fistulas [CCFs] are a subtype of intracranial arteriovenous fistulas with symptoms ranging from none to devastating intracranial hemorrhage. This article reviews the two main types of CCFs, the symptomatology, the different drainage patterns and the currently available treatment options. We follow that by a case report of a spontaneous CCF treated successfully by trans-arterial coil embolisation

Fístula carótido cavernosa con epilepsia: manejo mediante embolización endovascular y resección de foco epileptógeno / Carotid cavernous fistula with epilepsy: management by endovascular embolization and resection of epileptic focus

Se presenta el caso de una paciente quién sufrió trauma craneal por proyectil de arma de fuego que se alojó en la base del cráneo. El proyectil seccionó la arteria carótida interna izquierda provocando una fístula carótido–cavernosa que tuvo la clásica presentación de soplo ocular (tinitus pulsátil), proptosis e inyección conjuntival. La paciente también presentó epilepsia parcial postraumática con crisis diarias de difícil control. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico combinado mediante terapia endovascular con embolización mediante filamentos de platino y craneotomía pterional izquierda para resección de foco epileptógeno temporal izquierdo. La paciente evolucionó con buen control de las crisis desde el punto de vista vascular y oftalmológico y con control total de las crisis epilépticas. Este es el primer caso de terapia endovascular para fístula carótido-cavernosa publicado en Honduras...

Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematoma from Transient Occult Carotid-cavernous Fistula: A Case Report

After the spontaneous relief of initial symptoms by traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), paradoxical worsening of patient's condition can be followed. We present a case of a 60-yr-old man whose audible bruit from a traumatic CCF had completely disappeared. A few days later, however, the patient had spontaneous intracerebral hematoma with cortical venous drainage. Complete obliteration of the fistula was achieved after embolization. When initial audible bruit in traumatic CCF disappears suddenly, cerebral angiography should be performed to differentiate venous hypertension by the hemodynamic changes of the cavernous sinus channels from spontaneous resolution of CCF.

Fístula carótido-cavernosa: importancia de su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno para prevenir la ceguera / Carotid cavernous fistula: importance of its diagnosis and opportune treatment to prevent the blindness

Objetivo: Enfatizar la importancia del diagnóstico clínico y del tratamiento oportuno de las fístulas del seno cavernoso que se manifiestan anterógradamente en la órbita. Pacientes y Métodos: Se presentan dos pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Salvador, tratados endovascularmente en el Instituto de Neurocirugía, quienes presentaron una evolución visual muy disímil (uno llegó a la ceguera y el otro recuperó en 100 por ciento de visión) debido a las diferencias en el tiempo de diagnóstico e inicio del tratamiento. Discusión: Se discuten las diferencias en la expresión clínica de los adversos tipos de fístulas (de bajo y alto flujo), el diagnóstico diferencial y la importancia del tratamiento oportuno para lograr un resultado anatómico y funcional óptimo del ojo afectado.

Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage as the primary manifestation of carotid cavernous fistulas: case report

We report the case of a 19-year old male patient initially admitted to our service after a motor vehicle accident with a normal neurologic evaluation and a CT scan that revealed no abnormalities. Nineteen months later, he was readmitted after a subtle headache episode, followed by a brief loss of consciousness. He was submitted to a complete evaluation, which revealed no abnormalities (even in the neurologic and ophthalmologic exams). A CT was performed revealing a diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. Contrast enhancement displayed a right paraselar lesion, which was first interpreted as a giant aneurysm. The patient underwent a cerebral angiography which showed a right carotid-cavernous fistula with retrograde venous drainage through the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses. Filling of various cortical vessels was observed. The patient was treated with endovascular technique and a control angiographic study assured the complete closure of the fistula. He had an excellent clinical recovery, being discharged in good conditions

Zumbido por fístula carótido-cavernosa de origem traumática / Post-traumatic caroticocavernous fistula as a cause of tinnitus

Fístula carótido-cavemosa é uma conexäo arteriovenosa entre a artéria carótida interna e o seio cavernoso. É uma entidade rara, principalmente se a queixa única for zumbido. Pode ser classificada de acorcdo com três critérios: traumática ou espontânea, de alto ou baixo fluxo, e diretas ou durais. A sintomatologia é geralmente insidiosa e o diagnóstico por radio-imagem geralmente é feito de um a oito meses após o ocorrido, com média de cinco meses. É relatado um caso de zumbido provocado por uma fístula carótido-cavernosa